Naphtali Lubinchik dies in Eritrea of simple illness British refused to treat in Detention Camp.

Underground attacks CID headquarters in Jerusalem and Jaffa

(Feb) Guela Cohen, radio announcer for LECHI underground radio is arrested and sentenced to Bethlehem Women's Prison

(Spring) Sarafand ammunitions attack by Underground

Shimson and Ashbel caught in Sarafand attack and sentenced to hanging

Shimson wrote: There is no room for concern over this individual's fate.  The fate of my people is what must always concern us.

The tranquility in my heart is the result of years of spiritual preparation, of readiness to die for our country ... By our death and sacrifice we shall set up a free State for our people which will know how to live and why it lives.

Ashbel wrote: For who knows as well as we what power there is in a fighting Yishuv.

LECHI fighterMattityahu Shmulevitz sentenced to death in Jerusalem Central Prison ...
His sentence is also remitted after warning by Underground organizations

M. Begin gives warning: "Gallows for gallows ... whippings for whippings"

IZL captures British soldiers and holds them to be hanged if Shimson and Ashbel are hanged ...

The sentences are commuted, and the British soldiers are released unharmed

(Nov 22) ss Berl-Katznelson,

ss Shabtai Lozinsky

ss Hannah Szenes

ss Max Nordau - refugees sent to Atlit

ss Enzo Sereni

ss Tel Hai

ss Wingate

At all these places thousands of people assembled, in order to prevent searches for repatriates who had succeeded in landing.  The crowds stood unprotected and exposed to enemy bullets.  Not only unarmed men, but also women and children were killed - which moved us to ask the Resistance Movement to stop this dangerous "passive resistance" so costly in lives.

La Spezia (Italian Riviera) where ships carrying Jewish refugees could get services

The repatriates from the camps of Germany fought with empty hands against armed soldiers.  Although men , women and children were killed in the process, Whitehall produced the old argument against the "unconscionable behaviour of people who press masses of men, women and children into unseaworthy ships.  The British Government might hunt immigrant ships, deport their "illegal" passengers, but they were defending "the law."

Micha Peri Haganah commander who built ships for carrying Jewish refugees to Palestine

Ike Aranne - Palmach captain of ss Exodus

After almost every deportation we (IZL) delivered a heavy blow at the Government.  And LECHI fighters succeeded on one occasion in setting oil tanks alight in Haifa harbour, where deportation ships were waiting for their prey.

We published these disillusioned, bitter words, and promised our brothers on the high seas, in the name of "the rebels, the fighters and those who remain true" that "You will not be forsaken in your struggle.  We say - Eretz Israel or death."

But we did not possess the immediate means of helping.  No explosives.  No money.  We ate our hearts out in frustration. (M. Begin)

Ben Gurion, subjected to cross-examination, claimed that he did not know where the Haganah Command was, or who its Commander was, and that he was not responsible for its activities ...

(Jun 12) Jewish Agency (Ben Gurion) negotiates with Britain the release and amnesty of Haganah men in jails in exchange for their cooperation in fighting IZL and LECHI ... Haganah blows up IZL arms depot

(Jun 16) Haganah blows 8 bridges

(Jun 17) LECHI blows railways workshops in Haifa

Combined attacks by Haganah on British Railway Bridges, LECHI on Haifa railway workshops, IZL demolishing trains after passengers disembark ... Haganah acts without notifying LECHI which causes LECHI action to be caught in British alert ... 11 LECHI fighters are killed, 22 captured ...

Not a single official representative came to pay his respects to the LECHI dead.  The Haganah member, however, whose body had been recovered after the tragic explosion at the A-Zib bridge was accorded a public funeral.

So he (Arye) set out to destroy.  To destroy oppression, cause he wanted to build his people's life.

Noah coughs an order, "Kill me, for the enemy has gotten me.  Tell my brothers to continue in my place" ... and then he sings "Soldiers Without Names"

We are no longer beaten men.  We are again proud Hebrew fighters, knowing their way, knowing their enemy, knowing the commands of war and the sacrifice it demands.

(Jun 29) "Black Sabbath" - 300 Underground members and commanders arrested and exiled to Africa (betrayed by Haganah members)

IZL and LECHI at war with Britain

(Jul) Israel Eldad escapes from Jerusalem Central Prison, after serving over two years of his sentence.

(Jul 22) King David Hotel (British Headquarters) is blown by Underground

(Sep 23) IZL attacked a Haifa train of fuel

IZL letter to US envoy Clark Baldwin:
We cannot wait.  In every barrel of oil which your Standard and Socony Companies will get from the Anglo-Iranian Company, there will be at least one drop of Jewish blood.  We cannot rely on promises any more, not even when they are given by respected persons.  What our tormented and fighting people needs is real help.  And when this is not forth coming no other way is left to its sons than to help themselves, to rely on God, on their fighting spirit and their spirit of self-sacrifice.

State of "Jordan" established from "Transjordan"

(Oct 31) LECHI attempts to blow up Jerusalem Railway Station
Meir Feinstein is shot 19 times in his arm, thus it is amputated
Feinstein is later sentenced to be hanged in the gallows

18 Lashes on Jewish youth inflicted by British soldier.
Retaliation, 18 lashes on British officers: The era of humiliation and degradation has ended.  Jews are not to be whipped any more - this is the moral which our people will draw from our reaction.